Self-indicating variable-spindle drive



Ma 20, m4.

SELF INDICATING' VARIABLE SPI'NDLE DRIVE D. C. KLAUSMEYER Filed Nov. 3, 3922- 2 snbassma'a a,

May 20 1924. I 1,495,080

I D. C. KLAUSMEYER ssL mmc 'rme VARIABLE SPINDLE DRIVE lFiled no). 5, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2,

anventoz $1, afm

Patented May 20," 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID C. KLAUSMEYER, OF CINCINNATI, O'HIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE CINCINNATI'BICK- FORD TOOL COMPANY. OIf OAKLEY, CINCINNATI, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

SELF-INDICATING VARIABLE-SPINDLE DRIVE.

Application filed November 3, 1922. Serial No. 598,831.

To allirhpm. it may concern:

Be it l'i n own that I, DAVID C. I(IAUS Merl-in, a'citizen of the United States. and residing at Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and Stateof ()hio, have invented a new and Improved Self-Indicating Va riable-Spindle Drive, of which the following specification is a full disclosure. In aradial drilling machine. the drill-supporting spindle projects vertically downward; being journaled in a so-called head which is arranged to slide horizontally on an arm extending radially from a. post. The spindle derives its motion from a 'splined shaft horizontally journaled in the radial arm; this motion being conveyed through suitable transmission means including speed change-gears which are usually located within the travelling head in which the spindle is journaled. The aforesaid change-gears are utilized for the purpose of determining the speed of rotation of the spindlei. e. the ratio between the spindle and the aforesaid horizontal shaftv that, in turn, derives its rate of rotation from a variable speed motor or from some other prime-mover through a primary speed-box adjustable to vary the rate.

For. certain purposes, as for example for tapping. it is necessary that the motion (transmitted as above indicated) may be either forward or reverse in direction and, to accomplish that, it is usual to arrange a -motion-reverser (as of the type of U. S.

Patent 1.030.424) in that portion of-the head which slides in proximity with the horizontal shaft: the parts being so constructcd that, by swinging an appropriate lever. motion will be derived in the first instance from said horizontal shaft in either a forward or reverse direction.

In consequence of this conventional arrangement, the various change-gears in the spindle supporting! head are caused to rotate in either one or the other direction according to the setting of the motion-reverser on the main shaft and this eircum-' stance has led to a certain ditliculty created by reason of the prevailing arrangement of.

"llhat is, to say. the

toforc been keyed to the spindle so as tov rotate in unison with the spindle and at whatever speed may be imparted to the:

spindle, whether it be the slow speed attained directly by means of said gear of notable diameter, or whether it be a more rapid speed produced by the flow of motion to another small gear also' keyed to the spindle. -The result of that conventional arrangement has been that. whenever the motion-reverser located on the main shaft has been operated to change the direction of transmission of motion, it is obliged to overcome the momentum of the aforesaid comparatively large gear which, by reason of being keyed at all times to the spindle, acts constantly as a species of fly-wheel irrespective of how the change-gears-may have been otherwise intermeshed. I

The immediate result on the motion-re verser of the aforesaid arrangement is that the motion-rcverser is obliged to absorb considerable shocks when it isquic-kly actuated to effect a reversal of motion. For example, when the drill spindle is being used for tapping holes at a. high rate of speed, and when thereupon the user throws the reversing lever to cause the tap quickly to be arrested before it gets too far into the-hole and to cause it immediately to be reversed and hence rapidly withdrawn. the motionrevers er is necessarily subjected to considerable strains.

In such machines, the motion-reverser is habitually of the friction type; being neeessarily so inasmuch as positive clutches would .give rise to excessive shocks in arresting and. reversing the moving parts. Much trouble has been experienced Wlih' the motion-reverser itself and. as a resultof the long study that has been given this particular mechanism. motion-reversers for this particular purpose have been developed to a very' high state of improvement. so, it still. remains the source of much trouble inasmuch as the friction surfaces tend to"wear unduly 'fast and the user of the conventional mach ne 15 therefore frequently put to the necessity of either revadjusting the friction clutches or of replac- Even ' tion-reverser in continuously performing its The present invention is predicated upon the discernment that one of the reasons for the undulyv rapid deterioration of the motion-reversermay be traced to an external source. That is to say, while a certain amount of slipping is necessary and essential. (so that the changes in direction and speed may not be too abrupt) it is equally desirable that the friction-clutches should not becompelled to overcome any more ine'rtia than can reasonably be avoided. An excessive amount of slippage will, of course, very materially increase the normal wear of the friction-clutches and .will unduly shorten the serviceability of the motionreverser. This is what happens in the case of the arrangement above-mentioned inas mu'c as the fly-wheel gear is the indirect cause of an undue amount of wear in the. friction surfaces of the motion-reverser and the user of the machine is, as an indirect consequence, put to a great deal of trouble in re-adjusting and replacing certain parts of the friction-clutches.

One of the primary objects of this inven tion is therefore to accomplish a re-arrangement of the change-gears in such a manner that the momentum. of the same will be low even when the spindle is being driven at its high speed. In other words, by virtue of this invention. the large gear, which must be resorted to for driving the spindle at its low speeds, does not remain keyed to the spindle when the latter is driven at its high speeds but is permitted to idle at its usual comparatively low speed notwithstanding the fact that the spindle itself may be operating at a relatively high speed.

It may also be observed that, while the drill-head habitually embodies a set of change-gears (usually yielding from two to four or more'changes) there is included in the machine, as has been stated. another means for varying the speed (which may be another set of change-gears which latter set is usually so located as to receive motion in the first instance from the prime-mover). These two sets of remotely located speedchange devices are arranged in series (through intervening transmissions) and they cooperate toproduce the total series of change available at the drill point.. The speed-changer located near or constituting the prime-mover, as the case may be, customarily provides finer changes in rat-i0 so.

that the motion which flows therefrom and into and through theentire mechanism will 1 not be too abruptly'changed; whereas. the

gear-set located in the drill-head (i. e. adjacent the drill point) usually is designed to meaoeo operation is to be performed at a speed very close to the limit of capacity of the drill itself, it will be seen .that the adjustment cannot be made with sufficient nicety by the use of the coarser changes dlone for the reason that a higher speed might exceed the capacity of the drill-point and a materially lower speed might not closely enough correspond to the maximum eflicienc-y of the drillpoint. Consequently, the attendant is put to the necessity of first adjustingwhat may be termed the secondary or-coarser gear-set and of then adjusting what may be called the primary or finer gear-set. Heretofore, this double adjustmenthas been accomplished by reference to certain tables -or formula: and this has occasioned so much \bother that the tendency of the workman is' .to ignore the table and adjustthe different gear-sets by guess or (rule of thumb; all of which necessarily results in a sacrifice of efficiency.

A further object of this invention isto overcome this conventional difiiculty by making it as simple as possible for the workman to determine the correct setting for the different sizes of drills and, to that end, this invention proposes a. self-indicat ing instrumentality goy-erned mutually by, the levers controlling the secondary gear-set;

the particular size of drill then mounted in the drill. spindle. Thus,- this arrangement places at all times before the immediate observation of the user the various settings that have been previously determined. by

elaborate-efficiency tests, to be the ones best suitable for a particular si'zeof drill and it prevents the ordinary workman from making mistakes; 1st, in improperly adjusting the secondary gear-set with respect to the particular size of drillabeing employed and.

2nd, it enables him to graduate the coarser speed to the proper approximate point by indicating a correct independent adjustment for the primary gear.

Other objects and advantages will be in part indicated in the following description and in part rendered apparent therefrom in connection with the annexed drawings.

To enable others skilled in the art so i ings, like characters of reference denote corresponding parts throughout all the views, of which Fig. 1 represents a vertical section'ofthe improved head of a radial drill taken in a plane transverse to the longitudinal transmission shaft which is horizontally mounted on the usual radial arm. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary section taken in a horizontal plane showing a portion of one side of the casing of a head with the operating levers for re-arranging the change-gears mounted in the head. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary perspective of the side of the head showing the levers of Fig. 2 together with the self-indicating plates mutually controlled by said levers.

The general arrangement of a radial drill, being well known to those skilled in the art, requires no illustrations but, for convenience, reference may be made to United States Patcnt #1.374,581 for details of the column and sleeve construction including the transmission which derives its motion from a prime-mover located on the base of the machine ncar the foot of the column. Reference may likewise be made to U. S. Patent #1924220 for details of what may be referred to as a primary'speed-change mechanism for imparting various ratesfof -movement to the above-mentioned transmission.

. Reference may be made to U. S. Patents #883.118 and 1,204,668 and 1,204,684 for de tails concerning the radial arm, the spindlesupporting head slidable thereon and the transmission and gearing forenabling the spindle to be driven by motion derived from the transmission elements mounted in ,the upright column and sleeve.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings. 1 indicates a portion of the radial arm and 2 denotes the splined shaft which is longitudinally journaled on said radial arm and 3 indicates one of the two conversely .arranged bevel gears in mesh with the bevel gear 4 affixed to the lower end of the vertical shaft 5 journaled in bearings-6 and 7 rovidml by the frame 8 of the head which slides horizontally on the radial arm.

The gear 3 is one element of the frictional reverse-r that intervenes between the horizontal shaft 2 and the gear 4 to enable the latter to be driven in eitherdirection; said frictional reverser being, for. exam is, of. the construction set forth in 'U. h. Patent, 421,030,424. i

It will be understood from-the foregoing explanation that the shaft 2 is subject to va-v rious changes inspeeddepen'ding upon the adjustment of the-speed-boxor motor which, i

. mitted by the gear 29 aflixed to, the shaft 21.

in the first instance, supplies power to the general mechanism. Dikewise journaled in bearings 9 and 10in the frame 8 of the head, is a. sleeve 11' in the bore of which is received the splined shank 12 of a spindle 13; an elongated key 14 serving to permit the spindle to be raised and lowered to force the drill into and out of the work while simultaneously causing the abled to mesh with a gear 19 of the duplex gear keyed to an intermediate shaft 21 which,

journaled in the drill head. In its otherpo sition, the smaller gear 24 of the member 15 will engage the larger gear 25 of the member 20 so that, by this arrangement, the intermediate shaft 21 may receive motion at two different rates with respect to any given rate of rotation of the shaft 5..

The intermediate shaft 21 is provided with a pinion 26 which, in this embodiment, permanently meshes with a large gear 27 independently journaled on a bearing 28. The large gear 27 participates in the motion of the spindle 13 only when it is connected to. function as a driver for said spindle as will be explained. In other words, the arrangement thus far described is such that the large gear 27 is utilized only for the purpose of rotating the spindle slowly and, when the spindle rotates rapidly, it does soindependently of the large gear 27 since the latter never rotates more rapidly than at the rate determined by its intermesh with the small pinion 26 on the intermediate shaft 21.

' Before proceeding to describe the further dctails of the gearing. attention is called to the fact that. by virtue of this peculiarity tional motion-reverser located between the shaft. 2 and the gear 4; will never, so far as of the two friction clutchesthe necessity of overcoming any momentum in excess of the normal momentum of the slow running gear .27 since the latter does not exhibit the pronounced. fly-wheel characteristics which it would occasionally have if connected to rotate in unison with the spindle when the latter was being driven at a.high rate of the mechanism now being ex- I speed by plained.

.by means of bearings 22 and 23.is vertically the gear 27 is concerned. impose-upon-either' The l'iigh speeds for'the spindle are trails- A gear-unit 30 is rotatable with the shaft 12 but is permitted to be shifted thereon by the spline 31: the shifting being accomplished by a shoe/32. By shifting the gear 30, its teeth 33 may be intermeshed with the of construction. the operation of the fricteeth 34 of the gear 29, thereby enabling the spindle to be driven at a high speed by reason of the fact that the gear 29 is materially larger in diameter than the pinion 26 which drives the large gear 27. In the event that it is desired to propel the spindle at a relatively lower rate, the gear 30 is shifted downwardly to bring its teeth 33 into engagement withthe clutch-teeth 35 formed on the side of the large gear 27 This connection is in the nature of a positive clutch, there being no gear action between the teeth 33 and the teeth 35. \Vhen this latter connection has been established, the high speed gear 4 is not in any wise affected by the speed of the large gear 27; irrespective of whether it is or is not being utilized for driving thespindle and therefore that large gear 27 is never permitted to manifest the .excessive fly-wheel momentums which have.

been exhibited in prior constructions wherein a large gear-wheel rotated in unison with the spindle when the latter was operating at high speeds.

The manner in whiclrthis invention fulfills the other enumerated objectives whereby the user is enabled immediately to ascertain the proper settings controlling the priinary and the secondary speed-change devices will be best understood by referring to Figs. 2 and 3. The secondary speedchange device shown by Fig. 1 is controlled by two independently operable levers 36 and 37 The lever 36 has a sleeve-like hub 38 journaled in an aperture through the sidewall of the casing-'8 of the head and, at its inner end, carries a lever 39 projecting to end in alignment with the spindle and pivotally carrying the shoe 32 that engages an annular groove 40 in'the gear 30. By shift- 1 ing the lever 36, therefore, the gear 30 may be placed either in its neutral position shown by Fig. 1 or in either of its two operative positions aboveexplained. The otherhandlever 37 has a shaft 41 journaled through the bore of the hub 38 of the first-mentioned lever 36 and it likewise has a lever 42 affixed suitable manipulation of-either one or both of the levers 36 and 37, there becomes available-a series of speed changes derived from the'change gears shown by Fig. 1; in

this casethere being four different changes available. These are termed the secondary changes and are relatively coarse.

In order to enable the user to determine the extent to which the above-1nentioned speeds should be modified by manipulating the primary speed box or motor. as the case may be. this invention proposes two indicating plates '43 and 44 together with means for causing these plates to be shifted in position; the one by the lever 36 and the other by the lever 37. This may be accomplished most directly in the manner shown by the drawings; to-wit, by giving these plates an arc-like contour and afiixing them directly vto the levers. The one plate is, as shown byFig. 3 divided into four equal divisionsrepresenting the four speed ratios available directly from the secondary change gears. The other plate 44 has a single division. equal in'length to one of the four divisions on the plate. 43 and this single division is subdivided intoas many sections as there are speeds available at the primary speed box or motor; each section bearing appropriate numbers as slfown and each section preferably has a pointer 45 directed towards the other plate 43. Arranged in column form' on the other plate 43 are two sets of numbers; those in the first column indicating the drill sizes and those in the adjacent column indicating the revolutions at which the drill should be operated. The vertical distances between the numbers in these two columns correspond to the spacing'on the plate 44 representing the primary change speeds. By this arrangement. it is manifest that the user can immediately determine the proper adjustments of the-machine without any mental effort. For example. should he have occasion to use drill #5 or a 5 diam. tool, he

will shift the levers 36 and 37 until the T hen the machine will rotate the spindle at 59 revolutions which is substantially the setting required for the particular drill in hand. r 1 Y It will, therefore, be seen'that this invention in a very simple and direct manner affords not only a notably convenient machine bu't likewise one characterized by a very pronounced elimination of many of the troubles heretofore experienced with the friction clutches.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of this invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various utilizat-i'ons by retaining one or more of the essential characteristics of either the generic or specific aspects of this invention, and, therefore, such adaptations should be, and are intended to be. comprehemled within the meaning and range of equivalency of the following claims Having thus revealed this invention. I claim as new and desire to secure the fol lowingcombinalions and elements. or equivalents thereof. by Letters Patent of the United States: i

1. A drilling-nuu'hine combining a powerdriven member; a drill-supporting spindle; a motion-reverser embodying 'friction clutches deriving lnotion from said powerdriven member; and a speed-change, transmissiim'intervening between said motionreverser and said spindle for driving said spindle at variable speeds. said transmission comprising in coaxial relation with said spindle a small gear for driving it rapidly and a large gear mounted to rotate independently of said spindle when it is driven rapidly bysaid small gear but adapted to be clutched to said spindle to drive it slowly when said small gear is not being utilized to drive said spindle rapidly.

2. A radial-drill combining a horizontal arm; a power-driven shaft horizontally journaled in said arm; a drill-head slidably mounted on said arm: a drill-sup sorting spindle vertically journaled in said rill-head; a motion-reverser of the friction type arranged in said drill-head to derive motion directly from said horizontal-shaft; a speed-change transmission intervening between said 'motion-reverser and said spindle, said transmission embodying a large and a small gear coaxial with 7 said spindle, the large gear being permanently driven at a low rate of speed and adapted to be clutched to said spindle to rotate it at a corresponding rate, said transmission also embodying means for de-clutching said large gear from said spindle and causing it to be rotated rapidly by power driven through the small gear whereby the large gear may idle slowly while the spindle is rapidly rotating and the clutches of the motion-reverser will be relieved from the necessity of overcoming ex cessing momentum in reversing the motion of thelidling large gear.

3. A drilling-machine combining in serial relation 9. power-driven shaft, a frictional motion-reverser, aspeed-change mechanism "and a drill-supporting spindle; the ,speed change mechanism embodying a pe1'manently driven large ear loosely ournaled in coaxial relationwlth 'saidsp'i'ndle, gearing for independently driving said spindle rapidly; and means for rendering said gearing inoperative and for clutchmg said large vgear to said spindle to rotate it slowly.

4. A drilling-machine comprising a power-driven shaft; a frictional motion-reverser deriving motion therefrom: a drill-supportmg spindle; a large gear loosely ]Oll1llflll0(l about said spindle; a small gear coaxial with 7 said spindle; transmission elements between said motion-reverser for enabling said large and small gears to be driven: a clutch mecha nism adapted to connect said large gear with saidspindle for driving it. slowly and to establish a dis-connection and cause said spindle to be driven rapidly by said small gear and thereby relieve the frictional moto be given to the primary speed-change device for each relation of said levers to satisfy the speed requirements of the character of tool carried by said tool-supporting member.

6. A drilling-machine combining a primemover and a drill-spindle; a transmission there-between embodying a primary speedchange device located adjacent the prime mover and a secondary speed-change device located adjacent the s indle; a pair of levers for determining t lie speed transmitted by the secondary speed-change device; two

relatively movable index plates eachhaving its position determined by said levers respcctively,- said index plates bemg constructed to portray the correct"adjustment..

of.the primary speed-change device to satisfy .the requirements of the size of drill 'mounted on the spindle for each of the available relations between the said levers.

7. A drilling machine combining a primemover and a drill-spindle; a transmission therebetween embodying primary and secondary speed-change devices, said secondary speed-change device including a plurality of gear members located adjacent'the drillspindle and operatively connected therewith and adapted selectively to be engaged; two gear-shi ting levers for .engagin said gears;- an index-plate carried by one 0 said levers,

said index-plate being divided into a plurality of divisions each'of which is subdivided into a plurality of sections, each of said sections bemg marked to indicate; a drill diameter and an eflicient speed of rotation therefor; a second indexlate carried by the other ofsaid levers a jacent said first named index-plate, said second index-plate having a single division equal in length to one of the divisions on said first index-plate I 10 ating, after the sebondary speed-change de-- vice has been shifted, to indicate the posie device, said two index-plateswcoopermespeo tion of adjustment necessary in the primary speed-change device to effect a' predetermined speed of rotation ofthe drill-s indle;

. In witness whereof, I hereunto su scribe 15 my name, as attested by the tvvo subscribing witnesses.

DAVID 'C. KLAUSMEYER.

Witnesses .C. C. SLETE,

N. C. SCHAUER. 

